C limits library














































C limits library



C limits is a library used to get the maximum and minimum values of different datatypes and these datatypes do include derived datatypes such as arrays, pointers...  with the help of macro constants. Macro constants are used to find the sizes of the integral types like a character, short, integer, long integer, long long integer. These macro constants are used to find the minimum and maximum size of any integral type of data type.

These macros are defined in header file <climits> for C++ .The c limits library is generally used to simply find out the upper and the lower limit of the datatype that we have defined it makes programmers to easily get the max value of a datatype instead of remembering those values.
NOTE: These values may or may not be changed from one machine to other machine as it depends upon the configuration of the machine .
Let us try to understand the working of  <climits>   library with some examples.
// C++ program to demonstrate working of constants in climits.
Program 1:To find limits of different datatypes
#include <climits>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
cout << "CHAR_MIN : " << CHAR_MIN << endl;
cout << "CHAR_MAX : " << CHAR_MAX << endl;
cout << "SHRT_MIN : " << SHRT_MIN << endl;
cout << "SHRT_MAX : " << SHRT_MAX << endl;
cout << "USHRT_MAX : " << USHRT_MAX << endl;
cout << "INT_MIN : " << INT_MIN << endl;
cout << "INT_MAX : " << INT_MAX << endl;
cout << "UINT_MAX : " << UINT_MAX << endl;
cout << "LONG_MIN : " << LONG_MIN << endl;
cout << "LONG_MAX : " << LONG_MAX << endl;
cout << "ULONG_MAX : " << ULONG_MAX << endl;
cout << "LLONG_MIN : " << LLONG_MIN << endl;
cout << "LLONG_MAX : " << LLONG_MAX << endl;
cout << "ULLONG_MAX : " << ULLONG_MAX << endl;
return 0;
}

    here different macro constants are :

1. CHAR_MIN : 

Minimum value for an object of type char

Value of CHAR_MIN is either -127 (-27+1) or less

2. CHAR_MAX :  

Maximum value for an object of type char

Value of CHAR_MAX is either 127 (27-1) or 255 (28-1) or greater   

3. SHRT_MIN :  

Minimum value for an object of type short int

Value of SHRT_MIN is -32767 (-215+1) or less

4. SHRT_MAX :  

Maximum value for an object of type short int

Value of SHRT_MAX is 32767 (215-1) or greater

5. USHRT_MAX :  

Maximum value for an object of type unsigned short int   

Value of USHRT_MAX is 65535 (216-1) or greater

6. INT_MIN :  

Minimum value for an object of type int   

Value of INT_MIN is -32767 (-215+1) or less

7. INT_MAX : 

Maximum value for an object of type int   

Value of INT_MAX is 32767 (215-1) or greater

8. UINT_MAX :  

Maximum value for an object of type unsigned int   

Value of UINT_MAX is 65535 (216-1) or greater

9. LONG_MIN :  

Minimum value for an object of type long int   

Value of LONG_MIN is -2147483647 (-231+1) or less

10. LONG_MAX :  

Maximum value for an object of type long int   

Value of LONG_MAX is 2147483647 (231-1) or greater

11. ULONG_MAX :  

Maximum value for an object of type unsigned long int   

Value of ULONG_MAX is 4294967295 (232-1) or greater

12. LLONG_MIN :  

Minimum value for an object of type long long int   

Value of LLONG_MIN is -9223372036854775807 (-263+1) or less

13. LLONG_MAX :  

Maximum value for an object of type long long int   

Value of LLONG_MAX is 9223372036854775807 (263-1) or greater

14. ULLONG_MAX :  

Maximum value for an object of type unsigned long long int   

Value of ULLONG_MAX is 18446744073709551615 (264-1) or greater

Program 2:To find the Maximum and Minimum Element in an array


#include <iostream>

#include <climits>

using namespace std;


int main()

{

    int arr[100];

    int maxNo=INT_MIN;

//maxN0 to find the maximum element and intializing it  to INT_MIN

   //here we are intializing it with INT_MIN becaues as soon as any number is greater than the minimum number the maximum number gets updated

   //viceversa for minNo

   int minNo=INT_MAX;

   int n,i;

   cout<<"enter number of elements u want to enter in the array";

   cin>>n;// no of elements in the array user wants to enter

   //reading elements into the array

   cout<<"enter the elements in the array";

   for(i=0;i<n;i++){

       cin>>arr[i];

   }

   for(i=0;i<n;i++){

       maxNo=max(maxNo,arr[i]);//using built in function max to find the max element

       minNo=min(minNo,arr[i]);//using built in function min to find the min element

   }

   cout<<"maxNo is:"<<maxNo<<" "<<"minNo is:"<<minNo<<endl;

   

    return 0;

}












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